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First Aid Reference

Quick first-aid steps for common emergencies. This is general guidance — always call 911 for serious emergencies.

🚨 In a life-threatening emergency, call 911 (US) / 999 / 112 immediately.
Burns (minor)
  1. 1.Cool under running water for 20 min
  2. 2.Don't apply ice, butter, or ointments
  3. 3.Cover loosely with sterile non-stick gauze
  4. 4.Take OTC pain reliever if needed
  5. 5.Seek care if larger than 3 in or on face/hands/genitals
Cuts & bleeding
  1. 1.Apply firm pressure with clean cloth
  2. 2.Elevate the wound above heart if possible
  3. 3.Keep pressure 5–15 min until bleeding stops
  4. 4.Clean gently with water (no alcohol/peroxide in wound)
  5. 5.Apply antibiotic ointment + bandage
  6. 6.Get stitches if >1/2 in, deep, or gaping
Choking (adult)
  1. 1.Ask: 'Are you choking?' — if they can't speak/cough, act
  2. 2.Stand behind, wrap arms around waist
  3. 3.Make a fist just above navel
  4. 4.Give 5 quick upward thrusts (Heimlich)
  5. 5.Continue until object dislodges or they pass out
  6. 6.If unconscious — start CPR, call 911
Sprain/strain (RICE)
  1. 1.Rest the injured area
  2. 2.Ice for 20 min every 2–3 hours
  3. 3.Compress with elastic bandage (not too tight)
  4. 4.Elevate above heart
  5. 5.Use after 48h: alternate heat
  6. 6.See doctor if can't bear weight or severe swelling
Nosebleed
  1. 1.Sit upright, lean FORWARD (not back)
  2. 2.Pinch soft part of nose firmly
  3. 3.Breathe through mouth
  4. 4.Hold 10–15 min continuously
  5. 5.Don't blow nose for several hours
  6. 6.Seek care if >20 min or heavy bleeding
Bee sting
  1. 1.Scrape stinger out sideways with card edge
  2. 2.Wash with soap and water
  3. 3.Apply cold compress 10 min
  4. 4.Use hydrocortisone or antihistamine cream
  5. 5.Watch for allergy: swelling, breathing trouble → call 911
Heat exhaustion
  1. 1.Move to cool/shaded area
  2. 2.Loosen tight clothing
  3. 3.Sip cool water (no caffeine/alcohol)
  4. 4.Apply cool wet cloths
  5. 5.If no improvement in 1 hr or vomiting → ER
  6. 6.Heat stroke (confusion, hot dry skin) = call 911
Hypothermia
  1. 1.Move to warm area
  2. 2.Remove wet clothing
  3. 3.Cover with dry blankets, focus on head/neck
  4. 4.Give warm sweet drinks if conscious
  5. 5.Don't use direct heat (hot water, heating pad)
  6. 6.Severe (unconscious) → call 911, gentle warming

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